A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the collection of sun rays and focusing them onto a lesser pv area. Since 1984, the solar dish stirling equipment has held the worlds efficiency record for converting solar energy into grid. Data collection and analysis methods solar concentrator technical performance and equipment to evaluate the technical performance of the concentrator, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation readings were recorded. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective solar concentrator john h. This is very promising solar technology, which could make solar very affordable, and allow for much larger yields. Mit solar concentrator improves solar cell efficiency and. Concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology has entered the market as a utilityscale option for the generation of solar electricity with 370 mwp in cumulative installations, including several sites with more 30 mwp. Solar concen duke computer science duke university. Mar 22, 2016 concentrated solar power about solar concentrator technology glenn meyers march 22, 2016 march 23, 2016 solar concentrator technology, commonly referred to as concentrated solar power, stands in contrast to static photovoltaic panel electricity generating technologies, because it operates using moving parts, like a turbine, which can then. Multijunction solar cells were originally designed, and are still used today, for space applications. The main use of this type of concentrator is for parabolic dish engines. Solar concentrator technology, commonly referred to as concentrated solar power, stands in contrast to static photovoltaic panel electricity generating technologies, because it operates using moving parts, like a turbine, which can then generate electricity according to the solar energy industries association seia, power plants with concentrating solar power, most. Its illumination system is based on a xenon flash light and a large area collimator mirror, which simulates natural sun light. New concepts and technologies from nasas space solar.
Introduction to meet the growing demand for renewable energybased electric power systems, the concentrator photovoltaic cpv power generation systems have been developed as a highly efficient power generation technology. An additional 4 gigawatts has been deployed internationally. The iiiv concentrator systems are unique in their high areal power density and offer rapid manufacturing scalability. Gosol releases first free solar concentrator construction. Current megawattclass solar power stations use sipv modules, the conversion efficiency of which is mostly 15% to 17%. As a result of these achievements, the global cpv market is expected to grow dramatically over the next few years reaching cumulative. Concentrating solar power csp technologies use mirrors to concentrate focus the suns light energy and convert it into heat to create steam to drive a turbine that generates electrical power.
New concepts and technologies from nasas space solar power. Thus, high concentrator photovoltaic technology is still. View the concentrating solarthermal power fact sheet pdf. It also overviews the main challenges, particularities and requirements associated to concentrator operation. Table 1 summarizes the details of the drying trials. This report explores the current status of the cpv market, industry, research, and technology. A solar simulator for measuring performance of large area concentrator photovoltaic cpv modules is presented. Solar thermal energy an industry report solar thermal technology on an industrial scale the sun is our source our sun produces 400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 watts of energy every second and the belief is that it will last for another 5 billion years. How do solar parabolic dishes work technology news and. The design and performance of each concentrator will be explained and compared. The acrylic componentcalled a lightguide solar optic lsois a new type of solar concentrator that could significantly lower the cost of generating electricity from the sun. Current status of concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses or curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, highly efficient, multijunction mj solar cells.
Concentrator photovoltaic cpv has technology recently entered the market as a utilityscale option for the generation of solar electricity. Its uses do not contribute to emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants to the environment. The first prototype of a linear fresnel reflector concentrator was built in 1964 in italy by the selfeducated mathematician giovanni francia. Advantages of concentrator photovoltaic system in high solar. Solar radiation energy to internal energy of transport medium. The solar concentrator can be used for cooking, frying, heating water, or dehydrating food or other materials, as well as a demonstration of the application of solar energy, and could be a. Renewable energy resources, solar energy, solar concentrator. Solar high temperature designs require concentration systems, such as parabolic reflectors. Quality requirements imposed by the cpv systems have been characterized. Transparent luminescent solar concentrator creates solar.
The solar energy technologies office seto supports research and development of concentrating solarthermal power csp technologies that reduce the cost of solar energy. Sep 29, 2015 the solar concentrator can be used for cooking, frying, heating water, or dehydrating food or other materials, as well as a demonstration of the application of solar energy, and could be a. Evaluation of concentrator photovoltaic system power plant. A parabolic dish engine system is an electric generator that uses sunlight instead of crude oil or coal to produce electricity. The 10 mw solar one power tower was developed in southern california in 1981, but the parabolictrough technology of the nearby solar energy generating systems segs, begun in 1984, was more workable. More details on this system are given in chapter 10. The solar clipper concept is a solar electric propulsion sep based mars transfer vehicle mtv that derives from the sun tower. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv is one of the most promising technologies to produce solar electricity at competitive prices. Solar technology offers great potential in terms of supplying the worlds energy needs. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for. Multijunction photovoltaic technologies for high performance. When analyzing the conversion of radiation energy to heat, the collector performance equation of concentrated solar high temperature systems is presented and.
Department of energy laboratory operated by midwest research institute battelle bechtel contract no. This type of solar concentrator can collect a temperature of more than 800c, which is an innovative developing concentration technology. Concentrator photovoltaics generate electric power using lenses that focus only direct sunlight onto solar cells. For this purpose, tracking mechanisms similar to the ones described in the previous. Pdf design and machining of fresnel solar concentrator surfaces.
Collaborative work between nasa, the ballistic missile defense organization, and entech continued through the 1990s, culminating in the solar concentrator array with refractive linear element technology. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv uses optics to focus the suns power on small highefficiency, multijunction solar cells. The design and performance of each concentrator will be. Csp technologies can be used to generate electricity by converting energy from sunlight to power a turbine, but it can also be used as heat in a variety of industrial applications, like water.
Pdf solar technology offers great potential in terms of supplying the worlds. Future technology pathways of terrestrial iiiv multijunction. High performing cpv systems with efficiencies well over 30% and multimegawatt cpv plants are now a reality. The 354 mw segs is still the largest solar power plant in the world, and will remain so until the 390 mw ivanpah power tower project comes online. Concentrated solar power csp how it works helioscsp. For the concentration technology to be efficient, the concentrator has to be directly facing the sun. Our devices are based on a concept from the 1970s that was largely abandoned. Currently, most multijunction concentrator solar cells consist of 3 cells but scientists are currently working on 4 and 5 junction solar cells to reach even higher efficiencies. The solar option and solar collector solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible of energy, the power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1. In addition, cpv systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat solar thermal energy, which drives a heat engine usually a steam turbine connected to an electrical power. Pdf for efficient and cost effective utilization solar energy solar concentrators are. He tested it at the lacedemonemarseille solar station with support from frances national research council cnrs, nato and the cooperation mediterranee pour lenergie solaire comples. This makes much more focused light come to each solar cell, making the cells vastly more efficient.
The increase in investment would be from 2 billion worldwide to 92. Assessment of parabolic trough and power tower solar technology cost and performance forecasts national renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard golden, colorado 8040393 nrel is a u. The organisation of this book is roughly linked to the three lectures on photovoltaics pv, that are given at the faculty for electrical engineering, mathematics and com. Significant advances in the technology new concentrator structures reduced cost improved optical accuracy optimized assembly. Solar concentrators, parabolic reflectors, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaicthermal systems, optical efficiency, nonimaging optics, optical properties, building. Parabolic solar collector ayush khare 1, sachin saxena, c h tyagi1 and sanjeev kumar1 corresponding author. Entech has now taken its knowledge from working with glenn over the last 25 years and incorporated it into a new ultralight solar concentrator for terrestrial applications. Jul 24, 2015 operation of solar energy concentrators. Solar concentrators could b ring down the total c ost of the solar cell, thus making t he solar technology cheaper and affordable, but at the same time does not compromise the overall performance. Experimental study of a parabolic solar concentrator cder. To avoid shadowing, solar collectors can not cover all surface.
Written with clear, brief and selfcontained technical explanations, handbook of concentrator photovoltaic technology provides a complete overview of cpv covering. For instance, pt based plants represent 94% of all solar thermal electricity capacity. The solar dish stirling technology is well beyond the research and development phase, with more than 20 years of recorded operating history. Osa solar simulator for concentrator photovoltaic systems. Space solar power exploratory research and technology program john c.
The united states reached peak oil production in 1970, and there is. Solar thermal power plants with concentration technologies are. Solar energy concentrators operate on the principle of focusing a bundle of sunlight onto a small surface usually with the help of an optical device or a mirror. Concentrated solar power about solar concentrator technology. Csp plants generate electric power by using mirrors to concentrate focus the suns energy and convert it. Apr 08, 2016 written with clear, brief and selfcontained technical explanations, handbook of concentrator photovoltaic technology provides a complete overview of cpv covering. A parabolic dish reflector pdr, shown schematically in figure 3. It is forecasted that we will be able to use 50% efficient multijunction solar cells in cpv systems by 2020. Advantages of concentrator photovoltaic system in high. Solar concentrators rensselaer polytechnic institute. Mirrors made with more environmentally friendly manner improved automated manufacturing of mirrors reduced glass breakage because mirrors are made with tempered glass. This is ideal in space, where the sun is a single light source. Solar concentrating systems are optical systems that concentrate solar. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective solar concentrator.
Innovative technology solutions for sustainability. The major parts of a system are the solar dish concentrator and the power conversion unit. Solar energy desalination technology explains how to obtain clean water from sea water using solar energy. Our version of this device consists of a piece of transparent glass or plastic plate with a thin film of dye molecules deposited on the face and inorganic solar cells attached to the edges. Solar concentrator is the most favourable solution to this problem 10. Evolution of solar concentrator technology and its. Concentrators work best when there is a single source of light and the concentrator can be pointed right at it. A vast amount of research is currently focused on perfecting each of these areas. Concentrator multijunction solar cells handbook of. It will also analyse on some of the existing solar concentrators used in the solar technology for the past four decades. Pdf design and machining of fresnel solar concentrator. The mit solar concentrator, devised by a group led by marc baldo at the massachusetts institute of technology, takes advantage of recent advances in laser technology and materials science to. Concentrated solar power csp, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a receiver. Once in orbit around mars, the solar clipper would transmit power to a human colony on the planets surface.
Assessment of parabolic trough and power tower solar. In contrast, without incorporating any lenses, sipv also generates power from light. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective. Solar energy, with a focus on photovoltaics, which is the technology that allows to convert energy transported in light directly into electrical energy. Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 governmentapproved projects in the works. However, its current contribution to the world is still limited. The concentration ratio is defined as the ratio of the area of the aperture of the concentrator to the area of the receiver that is reflected upon by the concentrator. Design, construction, and test of a miniature parabolic. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. The modeling approaches for multijunction solar cells include. Among all csp technologies, the most used so far is the pt concentrator. Handbook of concentrator photovoltaic technology solar.
Design and machining of fresnel solar concentrator surfaces article pdf available in international journal of precision technology 34. One important factor in the analysis of solar concentrators is the concentration ratio. The use of solar energy requires optimizing each part of a photovoltaic system. The dish structure must fully track the sun to reflect the beam into the thermal receiver. Evolution of solar concentrator technology and its application for solar process heating and cooling. The optics of a fresnel lens concentrator system are.
Handbook of concentrator photovoltaic technology wiley. Solar concentrators an overview sciencedirect topics. By using small organic molecules that absorb specific nonvisible wavelengths of sunlight, researchers at michigan state university have developed a transparent luminescent solar concentrator that can create solar energy without blocking the view. The equipment is well characterized with over 50,000 hours of onsun time. High temperature solar concentrators l semantic scholar. Solar concentrators put one of these lenses on top of every solar cell. Using static concentrator technology to achieve global.
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